A precious stone might be a substantial part of carbon with its particles coordinated an incredible gem structure alluded to as jewel cubic. At temperature and critical factor, another significant type of carbon called nuclear number 6is that with synthetic substances stable kind of carbon, notwithstanding, jewel practically never converts to it. Jewel has the absolute best hardness and real warm marvel of any standard material properties utilized in major modern applications suggestive cutting and tidying apparatuses. They also believe that jewel blacksmith's iron cells will expose materials to pressures discovered profound inside the Earth. Since the game plan of molecules in a precious stone is phenomenally inflexible, scarcely any sort of pollutant will debase it (two exceptional cases being B and nitrogen). Small quantities of imperfections or pollutions (around one for each million cross-section particles) shading precious stone blue (boron), yellow (nitrogen), earthy colored (abandons), unpracticed (radiation openness), purple, pink, orange, or red. Precious stone moreover has relatively high optical scattering (capacity to scatter different lightweight colors). Most characteristic jewels have ages between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years. Most were shaped at profundities somewhere in the range of 150 and 250 kilometers (93 and 155 mi) in the Earth's mantle, albeit a couple has come from as profound as 800 kilometers (500 mi). Under high tension and temperature, carbon-containing liquids disintegrated different minerals and supplanted them with jewels. Significantly more as of late (tens to many million years back), they were conveyed to the surface in volcanic ejections and saved in molten rocks known as kimberlites and lamproites. Engineered jewels are completely developed from high-virtue carbon beneath high pressing factors and temperatures or natural compound gas by substance fume testimony (CVD). Impersonation jewels may likewise be made out of materials suggestive of cuboidoxide and compound component carbide. Ordinary, counterfeit, and impersonation jewels are the most commonly recognized abuse optical methods or warm actual wonder estimations.

Rough Diamond